Introduction into Integrated Security Systems for Substations

This article will highlight some aspects to consider when designing, deploying, or upgrading the security systems technology in electrical substations.

In summary, I will discuss bellow items.

1. The definition of the electrical substation

2. Implementation process

3. Perimeter Security

4. Safety

Substations are complicated environments, so the approach will be unlike others. There are many restrictions, health and safety and facility operators / country-specific regulations.

1. What is an electrical substation?

Electrical Substations are the interface between the distribution grid and transmission systems parts. Different types are categorised based on specific functions:

I. Step-up substation

As the name suggests, this type raises the voltage from the power plants so electricity can be transmitted efficiently.

II. Step-down

This facility lowers the voltage from transmission lines to what is known as a sub-transmission voltage.

III. Distribution substation

This facility further lowers the sub-transmission voltage that can supply commercial or residential requirements with the aid of a distribution transformer.

2. When implementing Integrated Security Solution,

the best practice process will be SRA -Concept Design - FEED-Detail Design-Implementation.

As mentioned above, the process will largely depend on the regulator/ country-specific requirements and project stage. Integrated Security systems should meet minimum operational needs (OR) and minimum-security requirements. The systems migration will differ. The gap analysis will guide towards the practical solution.

3. Perimeter Security

Substation security is more than just a fence and signage. Early detection is the key to preventing potential attacks on electrical substations from copper theft, vandalism, accidents, and other activities that could disrupt the stability of the power grid.

Electrical substations are often located in isolated areas, and the 24/7 surveillance of these sites is monitored remotely. Even though the early warning of an intrusion is necessary, the continuous surveillance and tracking of the assets are critical to providing an accurate situational awareness. The perimeter solution will comprise as a minimum of the fence, Perimeter Detection Systems, access control, gates, video surveillance and lighting.

4. Safety

A paramount safety concern at all substations is grounding, and this is just as important when designing and implementing the security system. Two important considerations are fence grounding and security equipment grounding. It is crucial to verify your electrical touch potential levels are within IEEE 80, IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding guidelines.

Another touch potential hazard may occur where the substation fence buts up to an existing fence or metallic structure that is not tied into the same grounding system. In these situations, an electrical isolation panel may be required. A non-conductive fence panel or section of a wall may provide the necessary isolation to reduce the risk of potential touch hazards.

Video analytics thermal monitoring applications can be employed to reduce costs, such as thermal monitoring of transformers and their components. For example, Planned Preventive Maintenance (PPM) programmes, where dedicated locations can be monitored 24/7 and produce accurate reports with real-time analysis.

Developing robust and practical integrated security solutions for the electrical substation is no easy task and requires a multidisciplinary approach. There are too many factors to consider from a very early start that will determine the project's outcome.